Penetrating ability depends not only on the kinetic energy but on shape and stiffness of the hulls.
Average force is calculated as loss of impulse divided by collision time. The loss of impulse could be significantly more in case of heavier ship because P^2=(mv)^2=2mE, or P=Sqrt(2mE), where E is kinetic energy. But we do not know anything about collision time. If small ship will be hardened and have shorter collision time because of that it could penetrate further even though heavy ship has larger momentum.
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